Yes, Paul, Bob Murphy Exists -- and He is a Better Economist than You Are

So, after shunning debate and the like, Paul Krugman finally admits that Robert Murphy exists, although I hardly think that what Murphy wrote constituted as "puerile insults." Yes, this comes from a person who mocks people who disagree with him as "zombies." No immaturity there.

The article to which Krugman refers is this one on capital theory, something that is missing from Krugman's Keynesian analysis as well as from the old Chicago School. (In their view, capital magically appears, as economists simply can assume it into existence. Don't try this at home.)

I think that Krugman and Murphy can argue this on their own without any help from me. Here is Murphy's post on his own blog regarding Krugman's post. Read and enjoy.

(I am back from speaking to the Gulf Coast Economics Club in Pensacola. A great time was had by all, and now it is time to get to work at my day job.)

Krugman's Phony "Painless" Solutions

I have no idea if Paul Krugman reads the Bible or any other religious material, but being that I am in the midst of reading through the section of the various major and minor prophets of Israel, I can see how Krugman fancies himself to be an Isaiah or Ezekiel. Here is Krugman giving prophecies of woe -- but also presenting what he claims to be are "solution" to the current ills.

Unfortunately, he believes, no decision makers in the government are listening. Instead, from President Obama to Ben Bernanke, these people are listening to the "Pain Caucus" (as he calls people who note that the economy cannot expand with malinvested capital), the "inflationistas," and those lyin' furriners (the Chinese and Germans) who are more responsible than anyone else for our present condition.

For example, he writes of the Chinese and Germans:

After all, you have China, which is engaged in currency manipulation on a scale unprecedented in world history — and hurting the rest of the world by doing so — attacking America for trying to put its own house in order. You have Germany, whose economy is kept afloat by a huge trade surplus, criticizing America for running trade deficits — then lashing out at a policy that might, by weakening the dollar, actually do something to reduce those deficits.

So, there you have it; these countries, which actually make goods that people want to buy, are partially at fault for our predicament. Obviously, we need a good trade war to accompany our failed "war on terror." That will bring prosperity for sure.

Here is the ultimate irony, however. Krugman believes that the government is choosing the "hard way" when, in fact, fixing the current problem is quite easy. As he wrote in his book The Return of Depression Economics, most economic crises (according to him) can be "fixed" simply by the printing of money. In other words, Ben Bernanke really can print some of it, go into his helicopter, and dump it out upon grateful people who then will go and spend it, giving the economy "traction," and leading us into prosperity.

Now, this makes Krugman a most interesting prophet. Most prophets of the Bible excoriated Israelites for seeking a life of ease, for following after false gods, and "oppressing the poor" by getting them to work, and then not paying them, or having crooked judges rule in their favor when the poor brought their cases before the courts of those days.

Krugman, on the other hand, claims that the real solution to the current situation is the easier path. Those that say that we no longer can continue the boom through loose credit and wild deficit spending and who must get the "house in order" really are the villains, for they lead us down the path of pain.

In his famous "Hangover Theory" article in Slate, Krugman (after mangling the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle) declares:

Powerful as these seductions (ATBC) may be, they must be resisted—for the hangover theory is disastrously wrongheaded. Recessions are not necessary consequences of booms. They can and should be fought, not with austerity but with liberality—with policies that encourage people to spend more, not less.

See? The "solution" really is quite easy. When the value of malinvested assets fall and the follies of a boom are exposed, we then pretend that we are prosperous. Is the income that flowed from the money borrowed to finance these malinvestments drying up? No problem! Let the government either try to prop up these malinvestments by getting the Fed to purchase government bonds, or sell the bonds to a central bank in Upper Slobovia and use those dollars to fund the politicians' latest projects (like rail tunnels). And, if the projects run way over budget, THAT IS EVEN BETTER BECAUSE IT MEANS WE ARE SPENDING MORE MONEY!

Usually, prophets tell people that they must choose the more difficult path, but the Prophet Krugman differs. If I may use an analogy from the New Testament, it would be like Jesus telling his disciples that they should enter "through the wide gate," as "the narrow gate is too painful."

I sense a real anger in Krugman's words. Here is a Nobel Prize winner telling people that the way out of this depression is easy: just borrow, print, and spend (and spend and spend). Yet, somehow, the Bad People are winning the day, falsely convincing people that we cannot borrow and spend our way to prosperity. They are not moved by Krugman's prophecies that the road to ease is for us to start a trade war with China, tell the Germans "Zum Teufel mit Ihnen," and spend, spend, and spend some more.

Is something wrong with this picture?

Is the Recession Simply a Zero-Sum Game?

Paul Krugman seems to be a True Believer that any disagreement with the principles he espouses MUST come from bad faith. I mean, who could be against more government spending that would give the economy "traction" and put us back into prosperity?

Thus, he reasons, there must be a much darker reason that some people out there seem to believe that piling on more government debt and spending might not have the effects that Krugman claims will be at the end of the tunnel. Isn't he a Nobel winner? Is he not on the Princeton faculty? Did he not receive his doctorate at prestigious MIT? So, to disagree with him is to engage in No-Nothingness!

As the election has approached, Krugman has become even more shrill than usual, laying out personal attacks and portraying anyone who might disagree with him as being motivated by pure evil. Why are they evil? Read the second paragraph again.

In his column today, Krugman now lays our present troubles at the feet of what he calls "debt moralizers." He writes:

“How many of you people want to pay for your neighbor’s mortgage that has an extra bathroom and can’t pay their bills?” That’s the question CNBC’s Rick Santelli famously asked in 2009, in a rant widely credited with giving birth to the Tea Party movement.

It’s a sentiment that resonates not just in America but in much of the world. The tone differs from place to place — listening to a German official denounce deficits, my wife whispered, “We’ll all be handed whips as we leave, so we can flagellate ourselves.” But the message is the same: debt is evil, debtors must pay for their sins, and from now on we all must live within our means.

And that kind of moralizing is the reason we’re mired in a seemingly endless slump.

First, I see Krugman continue his practice of taking stray quotes and fashioning huge movements from them. Being that the vast majority of so-called Tea Partiers could not tell you who Rick Santelli is, I doubt that hundreds of thousands of people have demonstrated across the country in the Name of Rick. (I guess we are supposed to believe that had he not said anything, the Democrats would not be facing huge midterm election losses.)

Second, I have not heard any U.S. politician claim that America must be good for its debts to China and other entities that have purchased U.S. Treasury debt, and the notion that suddenly we have become a nation of "debt moralizers" is really silly. Does anyone really think that if the Republicans take over Congress (or at least the House) -- or even the White House in two years -- that the USA suddenly will stop being the world's largest debtor nation in history?

But, even with these Krugman pronouncements, what I find amazing is his belief that the real problem is that businesses and individuals refuse to take on even more debt, and, specifically, that the infamous Housing Bubble was nothing more than a zero-sum game. He writes:

The years leading up to the 2008 crisis were indeed marked by unsustainable borrowing, going far beyond the subprime loans many people still believe, wrongly, were at the heart of the problem. Real estate speculation ran wild in Florida and Nevada, but also in Spain, Ireland and Latvia. And all of it was paid for with borrowed money.

This borrowing made the world as a whole neither richer nor poorer: one person’s debt is another person’s asset. But it made the world vulnerable. When lenders suddenly decided that they had lent too much, that debt levels were excessive, debtors were forced to slash spending. This pushed the world into the deepest recession since the 1930s. And recovery, such as it is, has been weak and uncertain — which is exactly what we should have expected, given the overhang of debt.

The key thing to bear in mind is that for the world as a whole, spending equals income. If one group of people — those with excessive debts — is forced to cut spending to pay down its debts, one of two things must happen: either someone else must spend more, or world income will fall.

Thus, in Krugman's view, the Keynesian Cross really is a Model for the Whole World. The bubble really was nothing more than a huge wealth transfer, and now the people who got the wealth are selfishly squirreling it away. He goes on:

Yet those parts of the private sector not burdened by high levels of debt see little reason to increase spending. Corporations are flush with cash — but why expand when so much of the capacity they already have is sitting idle? Consumers who didn’t overborrow can get loans at low rates — but that incentive to spend is more than outweighed by worries about a weak job market. Nobody in the private sector is willing to fill the hole created by the debt overhang.

So what should we be doing? First, governments should be spending while the private sector won’t, so that debtors can pay down their debts without perpetuating a global slump. Second, governments should be promoting widespread debt relief: reducing obligations to levels the debtors can handle is the fastest way to eliminate that debt overhang.

So there you have it. There WERE no malinvestments. All of the assets created in the boom have exactly the same value that they had before the crash occurred. However, those Bad, Bad Moralizers want to see people suffer for their sins:

But the moralizers will have none of it. They denounce deficit spending, declaring that you can’t solve debt problems with more debt. They denounce debt relief, calling it a reward for the undeserving.

And if you point out that their arguments don’t add up, they fly into a rage. Try to explain that when debtors spend less, the economy will be depressed unless somebody else spends more, and they call you a socialist. Try to explain why mortgage relief is better for America than foreclosing on homes that must be sold at a huge loss, and they start ranting like Mr. Santelli. No question about it: the moralizers are filled with a passionate intensity.

I can't say that I have watched too many "moralizers" flying into a rage, as the Rage Guy is Krugman himself. People who disagree with him, he writes, can only be motivated by Really Bad Intentions, and if you wonder why that is so, read the second paragraph of this post (again).

However, in this Keynesian-Cross/Zero-Sum analysis, something does not make sense. If all of this really is a zero-sum game, as Krugman is claiming, then why would the houses have to be sold at a loss? Is the lowering of housing values also a plot by Mitch McConnell and The Forces of Evil? After all, Krugman has written elsewhere that the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle is nothing more than an economic version of the Phlogiston Theory of Fire. Part of that theory says that credit-fired economic booms also create large amounts of malinvested assets that cannot be sustained over time, and certainly the housing boom/bubble fits that description. (David Gordon wrote an excellent rebuttal to Krugman's portrayal of the ATBC in 1998.)

My point is this: Krugman cannot have it both ways. He is not free to claim both that all that has occurred is a transfer of wealth, and, at the same time, the value of housing truly has fallen. Furthermore, we are not just dealing with a "capacity" issue, as Robert Higgs' "Regime Uncertainty" theory has merit here.

For the past four years, the political Left has controlled the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, and for the last two years, the White House as well. All three entities have been a wellspring of anti-enterprise rhetoric, and we are reading on the NY Times editorial page that government must be more aggressive in criminalizing entrepreneurial error. This hardly is an atmosphere in which any firm would want to invest, given that if a someone were to misread the future, that mistake would mean he or she goes to prison.

Furthermore, Krugman's notion that more spending will cure everything by giving the economy more "traction" is nothing more than the application of circular logic to economic theory. Unfortunately, circular logical today is passed off by our "elites" are Real Wisdom.

When it became evident three years ago that the Housing Boom could not be sustained, the Bush administration and Congress had a couple of choices. They could have realized that it was futile to continue down the same path and to permit the economy to adjust to those assets that were sustainable, or it could pretend that all the economy needed to keep the charade going was to inject more "spending." Not surprisingly, they chose the latter, although now Krugman says that they were not playing Charades aggressively enough. Moreover, he further claims that the Really Bad People know the truth, but just enjoy making others suffer.

No, an economy is not a zero-sum game, nor is it just one big circle in which (to take Israel Kirzner's example) someone eats breakfast so he can go to work, and then goes to work so he can eat breakfast.

Robert Murphy Takes On Krugman's "Hangover Theory" Caricature

In recent blog posts, Paul Krugman has been claiming that the Keynesian paradigm has been vindicated by recent employment and financial statistics, but that officials foolishly are listening to the "hangover theory" nonsense.

Since Krugman does have a perch at the NY Times, he is able to control his side of the debate, but he cannot control the facts. Robert Murphy, who in my view is a much better economist than Krugman ever will be (given that Krugman has decided that being a political partisan is much more fun -- and lucrative -- than being an economist), demonstrates that two can play the graph game.

In a recent post on the Mises site, Prof. Murphy takes on Krugman's contention that the breakdown of employment numbers "proves" his points correct. First, he posts a graph used by Krugman that "proves" that the downturn is due to a general fall in "aggregate demand," as opposed to problems within the structures of production (as Austrians maintain). (I post the graph below, including Krugman's explanation):

I tried, in that old piece on hangover theorists, to explain what's wrong with this view in general. Among other things, "this story bears little resemblance to what actually happens in a recession, when every industry — not just the investment sector — normally contracts."

And this is strikingly true this time around. Kocherlakota would have us believe that there's a big problem of mismatch because manufacturing is trying to hire, while construction has slumped. But here's the employment reality:

Manufacturing employment has slumped, not risen — in fact, it has fallen more than construction employment. The problem is lack of overall demand, not worker mismatch.

However, Prof. Murphy does what any good economist should be doing: breaking down the data to see what trends lie in numbers dehomogenized from their aggregates. He writes:

First of all, Austrians can easily explain why there is a general drop in employment after a bubble pops, rather than just drops in (say) capital-goods industries. The problem in the aftermath of a bubble isn't merely that a "given" level of demand switches from one sector to another. On the contrary, people in general are poorer than they thought they were at the height of the boom.

In particular, during the boom, people unwittingly consumed capital. In a simplistic Keynesian model with "no time and no capital," it's not surprising that Krugman finds the Austrian story nonsensical. But as I spelled out in my "sushi article," a distortion in the interlocking capital structure of a modern economy can quite obviously lead to a general rise in unemployment across many sectors, as the mistaken investments are flushed out of the system.

Prof. Murphy then directly takes on the employment issue by noting that a breakdown of employment in construction trades and in durable and non-durable goods does demonstrate -- contra Krugman -- that the kind of employment shifting that Austrians would predict actually has happened. The graph is shown below:

Add Prof. Murphy:

I submit that the above chart is entirely consistent with the Austrian explanation of business slumps following an unsustainable boom period. Contrary to Krugman's misleading chart, in percentage terms the construction sector has taken a larger hit than "manufacturing" in general, and construction has been brutalized compared to the mild downturn in nondurable-goods manufacturing.

Moreover — and this is presumably what motivated Kocherlakota's comments — a naive extrapolation of year-to-date trends suggests that the manufacturing sector has bottomed out and is on the road to recovery. Construction employment, on the other hand, is still falling.

The Austrians can easily interpret the above chart. How does Krugman? If the recession is really just about falling aggregate demand, then why did construction fall so much more than nondurable manufacturing, and why has durable manufacturing risen in 2010 while construction still languishes?

I'm not always enamored with the "my statistics are better than your statistics," but I do think that Prof. Murphy has added some important things to the current debate. Now, I doubt that all the statistical "proof" in the world would dislodge Krugman from his position, but at least I can appreciate someone like Bob Murphy who takes on Krugman at the very points where the Princeton Prof believes he is triumphant.